Der derby



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. P. PARKER.

CHAIR LEG AND ARM 'M ORTISING MACHINE. No. 250,166. Patented Nov. 29,1881.

N. PEI'ERS. Phclwumo n her, wmmngwn. D. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets8heet P. P. PARKER. CHAIR LEG AND ARM MORTIS'ING MACHINE, No. 250,166. Patented Nov. 29,1881.,

4 Sheets-Sheet 3. v

Patented Nov. 29,1881.

F; P. PAR-KER CHAIR LEG AND ARM MORTISING MACHINE.

(No Model.)

mz nassea 646M 4 SheetsSheet '4.

(N0 Model.)

I. F. PARKER.

GHAIR LEG AND ARM MORTISING MACHINE;

No. 250,166. Patented-Nov. 29,1881.

er, Wznhingmn, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK F. PARKER, OF GARDNER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO PHILAN- DER DERBY, OF SAME. PLACE.

CHAIR LEG AND ARM MORTISING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,166, dated November 29, 1881.

Application filedJuly 22, 1881. (NomodcL) To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FRANK F. PARKER, of Gardner, in the county of Worcester and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Chair Leg and Arm Mortising Machine; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speci- I0 fication, and in which- Figure 1 represents a top or plan view of my aforesaid chair leg and arm mortising machine, aduplicated portion upon one side being shown broken off to admit of said view being shown upon a larger scale. Fig. 2 represents a vertical section through one of the outwardly-projecting arms of the machine, hereinafter described, taken on line G H, Fig. 1, showing a side view of the rest of the machine, looking in the direction indicated by arrow 0, same figure. Fig. 3 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the machine, taken on line A B, Fig. 1,1ooking in the direction indicated by arrow I), same figure. Fig. 4 represents an end view of one of the cams of the machine, lookiug in the direction of arrow 0, Fig. 1, and which will be hereinafter more fully described. (All the following figures-5 to 10, inclusive-represent details of the machine upon a scale twice as large as those previously described.) Fig. 5 represents a vertical section on line 0, Fig. 1, looking in the direction ofarrow (1, same figure. Figs. 6 and 7 represent vertical sections on lines D and E, Fig. 1, respectively, looking in the direction of arrow 6, same figure. Fig. 8 represents a. vertical section on line F, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of arrow f, same figure. Fig. 9 represents a section on line A, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of arrow 7), showing a side view of the eecentric of the machine, hereinafter described; and Fig. 10 represents a section through said eccentric, taken on line I, Fig. 9, looking in the direction of arrow 9, same figure.

The object of my invention is to produce a machineby means of which slots may be formed of different widths, lengths, and depths, and at different places in the sides of chair legs and arms for receiving the tenoned ends of the cross-pieces of a chair. It is more particularly 'the use of a machine such as hereinafter described.

By the use of one of my machines the mortises are all uniformly made and in a perfect and rapid manner, one attendant upon the machine being enabled to perform the work of from three to five men by the old method.

To enable those skilled in the art to which my invention belongs to make and use the same, I will proceed to describe it more in detail.

In the drawings,J represents the bed of the machine, and K the frame-work upon which it is supported. To the under side of bed J 7 are secured a series of bearings, L, in one set of which shaft Mis arranged to turn, While in the other supporting-rods N N slide back and forth, as hereinafter described. Short studs or spindles O Oare rigidlysecured to frame J, eitheras shown orin somesother suitable manner.

Upon shafts N N are fitted loosely, so as to turn between collars h h h h, cam-gears P P. Broad face spur-gears Q Q are also loosely fitted, so as to turn between suitable collars upon fixed studs orspindlesO 0, while a narrow face spur-gear, It, is keyed to shaft M, so as to turn with the latter. All of said gears, including cam-gears P P, are of the 0 same diameter and have the same size and number of teeth. All mesh with each other, and therefore form acontinuous train of gears from one end to the other. The purpose of this train of gears is to give to cam-gear P the same ro- 5 tary motion as is given to cam-gear P by broad face small spur-gear or pinion S, which is secured to the driving-shaft T of the machine.

With a view ofsecnring the proper-speed of the various parts of the feed mechanism a large spur-gear, U, is fitted loosely on shaft T, and to said gear is secured a small broad face spur gear or pinion, S, also loose on said shaft T. Said gear Sis turned so as to turn the camgears P P, and thus feed the chair-supportin ,9; parts back and forth, as describe by means of a small spur-gear, U, secured 0 shaft T, as before stated, through large s r-gear V and small gear or pinion V, the latter meshing with large gear U. GearsV and V are secured to the ends of a short shaft or spindle, W, which is fitted to turn in bearing W. The diameter and size of teeth of the large gears U and V are'the same in this instance as those of thet-rain of gears before described, although they maybe varied,if desired. The small gears are all of the same diameter, and are provided with the same size teeth as the large gears.

A pulley, X, is secured to driving-shaft T, which is operated by belt connection with a suitable driving-pulley arranged above or beneath the machine, as described.

The object of cam-gears P P is to move the slidingshafts and parts supported thereon laterally. Thisis done by the cams beingarranged between two sets of friction-rolls 707a klc, which are arranged to turn upon stationary studs secured in the parts 1 l fastened to the bed of the machine, as represented in Figs. 3 and 8 of the drawings, said cams being so formed as to produce the requisite reciprocating or backand-forth motion to their respective supporting-rods when in operation.

In order that the supporting-rods may be moved together and in the same direction, the cams are made exactly alike; but their positions upon said rods are reversed, for the rea son that they bear upon their respective fric tion-rolls upon the outer sides of the cams, as represented in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings.

The parts which support and hold the chairlegs Y, (shown in Fig. 3,) which parts are alike upon both sides of the machine, with a few eX- ceptions, hereinafter mentioned, are constructed and arranged so as to operate in connection with the supporting-rods N N, as follows: To the outer ends of said rods N N are secured the hubs m of supportingarms n, and through similar hubs or bearing parts, at, on the upper ends of said arms a are passed the outer ends of horizontal adjustable rods 0 0, which are secured to the outer-sides of plates 1) p by means of the pipe-bearing pieces 0 0 0. The rods 0 0 of plates 12 p are fitted to turn in hub or bearing parts m, so that the plates may be inclined in different directions, this being necessary in forming the mortises in the legs or arms for different kinds of chairs. Af-

' ter the plates have been adjusted into their required positions they may be secured in those positions by means of set-nuts m in bearings m.

To the lower outer sides of plates 17 19, near the center, are secured forked bearing-pieces q q, (see Figs. 2 and 7,) upon which curved rocking parts g g are pivoted at the points 8 s. The outer curved arms, an, of said rocking parts bear upon their inner sides against cams t it, (see dotted lines, Fig. 7,) which are formed upon or secured to the hubs s s of adjustable parts 8 which are secured to arms t t thereby causing the inner arms, a u, to move toward or recede from the inner sides, pp, of plates 1) 10, according to whether the arms t t are raised or lowered. Said arms are lowered so as to turn the cams and force the inner arms, a a, toward plates pp by means of weightso a hung upon the outer ends of said arms t t They are raised by means of cams w 10, secured to the outer ends of shaft M, which cams in their revolutions pass under their respective rolls 0a m, thereby forcing out their respective downwardly-projecting arms y y secured upon the hubs t t of arms t t The inner arms, a u, of rocking parts 1 q, are provided upon their inner sides next to the plates 12 p with adjustable wedge-shaped parts 2 2, which are secured to arms a a by means of holding-bolts z" z, and they may be adjusted up or down, so as to increase or decrease the distance between them and the sides pp of plates 1) p by the arms a a being slotted, as represented by dotted lines 2 2' and are prevented from turning upon the arms by grooves and tenons, as represented at 2 2 Fig. 1 of the drawings.

Between the adjustable parts a andthe sides pp ot plates p p are placed and held the chair legs or arms Y, while the grooves Y and Y are being formed in the same, as hereinafter described.

The purpose of adjustable parts 8 8 which are made in a curved form, (see Fig. 7,) and provided with adjusting-holes s is to adjust the pressure of arms a a and parts 2 2 upon the chair legs or arms Y, said pressure being increased by turning the parts 8 8 down, and decreased by raising them. They are secured to the arms 13 t after adjustment by means of set-bolts 2? t The parts marked Z represent adjustable stands, which are provided with leather cappieces a for the weights '0 to drop and rest upon when they descend to the position represented in Fig. 7. By the use of such supports the parts are prevented from being wrenched 'or broken by the weights v when they descend, which they would otherwise be liable to do if suchstops or supports were not used. When the pressure of the inner arms, a, of rocking parts g is removed from the chair legs or arms Y by cams w, as before described, said inner arms are forced back, so that the finished chair legs or arms may be removed and replaced by blanks by the action of spiral springs s .9 the outer ends of which are secured to the tops of arms a at s s", while their inner ends are fastened at s s to bearin gs 0 of their respective rods 0. The jaws formed by the arms a and sides of plates 1) open and close to clamp and release the chair legs or arms Y alternately, thereby enabling the attendant to re- IIS move one and replace it by another while the opposite oneiis having the mortise Y or Y (shown by full and dotted lines in Fig. 3) cut -in the same.

The aforesaid alternate movement is obtained by reversing the-positions of cams w, as represented in Figs. 2 and 4. In Fig. 2 the point to, at which the cam-roll w commences to travel outward, being at the lower right hand side, while in Fig. 4 it is shown upon the upperleft-hand side of the cam 20. Said cams w w are so arranged and se cured upon shaft M as to clamp the chair legs or arms a short time before they reach the end of the bits 13, and to release them so that they can be removed as soon as the mortises are formed in the same and the frames have moved back a suitable distance from the bits.

The rods N N and parts which support and hold the chair legs or arms are moved alternately in first one and then the opposite direction laterally by the irregular sides of camgearsP Pbearing upon first one end and then the other of the sets of rolls k It It, before described. In this instance the aforesaid lateral movement is about one and one-fourth inch, although it may be easily varied, if desired, by simply changing the forms of the cams P P.'

In order that the slots Y and Y or corresponding slots may be formed in exactly the same position in each chair leg or arm, adj ustable supports and gages or guides 14, 15, 16, and 17 are provided,the position of which may be varied upon plates pp to conform to difierent shapes and slots. let acts principally as a support for the end Y of chair-leg Y to rest upon when the end slots, Y,are being formed, supports and guides 15,16, and 17 also being used in this instance; but when the slots Y are being formed only the supports 15 16 and end gage or guide, 17, are employed, as represented in Fig.3 of the drawings. For convenience in setting the aforesaid supports and guides the entire inner faces and top surfaces of plates 1) p are marked off into square inches and numbered, as shown, for a short distance in Figs. 1 and 3.

The supports 14, 15, and 16, it will be seen, serve the purpose of not only enabling the chair-legs to be placed in exactly the same position every time, but also to support them before and after they are clamped between the arms uand plate 1) of the machine.

The bits 13, which are secured in the ends .of a horizontal shaft, 18, are revolved by means of a belt upon pulley 19, and also have a horizontal lateral movement imparted to them by means of a compound eccentric, 20, secured upon the main driving-shaft T, said shaft 18 being arranged to turn in suitable bearings, 21 21, of carriage 22, and said carriage being connected with the aforesaid eccentric by a connecting-rod, 23, secured at one end to the eccentric strap 24 of said eccentric, and at the other end hinged upon a bolt, 25, passed through the cars 26 26 of part 27, which is bolted at 28 28 to the under side of the carriage, and said carriage 22 slides back and forth when operated by eccentric 20 and connecting-rod 23 between suitable ways, J J,

(see Figs. 1, 3, and 5,) which are bolted to the top of bed J.

In order that the throw of eccentric 20 may be raised to a greater or less degree, so as to form the slots Y Y longer or shorter for different kinds of chairs, a smaller eccentric, 29, is fitted within the larger one, 30, (see Figs. 3, 9, and 10,) which may be turned by handindependently of the other, and then fastened by means of bolts 31 and nuts 32. The two parts 29 and 30 of compound eccentric 20 are fastened so as to turn together when bolted, by friction, in the following manner. (see Fig. 10:) The inner eccentric, 29, which is secured upon the driving-shaft, is made in two sections, 33 and 34. The part 33 is simply adisk with a hole passed through itout of center for the passageiof shaft T, and smaller ones for the bolts 31. The inner face of said disk for a short distance from its edge bears against a shoulder, 35, formed by a rib, 36, on the part 30, while the other part, 34, which is fitted for the purpose, bears against the opposite shoulder, 37, of said rib 36. Therefore when the parts are adjusted and the nuts 32 turned up tight they are securely locked, so as to turn together upon shaft T. A space, 38, between the parts 33 and 34, is provided for taking up the-wear by friction. By the aforesaid construction of compound eccentric 20 the greatest throw which it is capable of may be obtained by adjusting the inner part. 29, to the outer one, 30, as shown in the drawings, orit may be adjusted so that any degree of throw may be obtained from its greatest to a perfectly motionless connecting-rod when the cam is in operation. In this instance, eccentric 20 is represented as having an extreme throw of about one and one-half inch, and being adjusted for this movement as before stated,consequently forms the mortises Y Y of that length. The depth which the mortises are cut is governed by the forms of cams P Pand the length of the bits. The latter may be adjusted in or out by means of set-screws 39 39. In this instance they represented as being adjustedfor boringthe mortisesnine-sixteenths of an inch deep, whichisabouttheusual depth they are bored in practice. They are also represented as being bored at right angles to the sides of the chair-legs, in order to more clearly illustrate the parts which support and hold the same. In practice,the mortises would usually be bored upon a slight angle to the sides of the legs, dilferent angles being necessary for different parts and kinds of chairs, in which case the plates would be inclined to correspond to the angles required by loosening and setting one set-screw, m as before described.

The shaft 18, in which the bits 13 are fast* ened, is secured against a lateral movement by means of collars 40 40, which are secured to said shaft just inside of bearings 21 21, as repsented in Fig. 1.

Driving power may be imparted to turn bits 13 by belt-connection from pulley 19 to a suit able driving-pulley arranged above or beneath the machine, as preferred.

In practice, all the working parts of the machine coming inside of bed Jwould be covered with suitable cap-pieces to prevent dust or particles of wood from getting into and clogging or impairing the action of said machine. They are left off in the drawings tb more clearly illustrate such working parts.

The operation of the machine may be briefly summed up thus: The two cam-gears -P P being turned in the same direction, as represented by arrows in Fig.3, and arranged in reversed positions for the reason before stated, rods N N are moved laterally in first one direction and then the opposite, alternately. In the drawings the rods and parts connected therewith are represented as having nearly reached the distance they will move in the direction indicated by arrow to, Fig. 1. The bit upon the same side of the machine as arrow (4. is at this time cutting the mortise Y? of the chair-leg Y, secured upon that side, as represented in Fig. 3. (Not shown in Fig. 1.) It continues to out still deeper until the extreme points 4141(seeFig.1) of the cam-gears reach and pass by the rolls k is, when said cams are quickly moved back laterally by their surfaces 42 42 passing over and against the rolls. The cams P P now commence to bear upon their opposite sides (which are of the same shape) against the other two rolls, k, and the rods N N thereby made to travel in the opposite direction, so as to cut the mortise in the chairleg secured upon the other side of the machine, when the aforesaid operation is repeated as each mortise, is cut. The bits 13 are rapidly revolved and also moved back and forth, as before explained, all the time, so that the moment the ch air-legs are forced against them longitudinal slots Y or Y are formed or cut in the legs, as represented in Fig. 3. In feeding the chair-legs into the machine and remov-. ingthem therefrom the attendantstands facing the machine at the opposite end from the eccentric, and having frames both on his right and left filled with the blank chair legs or arms, and also for conveniently depositing the finished ones as fast as completed, he first feeds a blank in with" one hand and at the same time removes the finished one with the other hand.

Thus it will be seen from the foregoing de- Scription that the operation of forming or cutting the mortises in chair legs or arms is very expeditiously performed, and that, too, in a much more perfect manner than by the old methods in use prior to my said invention. By the use of my machine the mortises are all formedofexactly thesamewidth,length,depth, and angle, thereby enabling the manufacturer .24., with the compound eccentric 20, having the external eccentric 30 and internal eccentric 29, adj ustably connected by bolts, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. The combination of the bit-shaft 18, for operating one or both of the bits 13, mounted upon a sliding frame, the main frame J, and guiding friction-rolls is k secured thereto, with supporting-rods NN, eccentric gears P P upon said rods, supporting-armsn at the ends ofsaid rods, and rods 0, carrying the clamping devices, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The combination of the holding-plates p and rocking clamp (1 having the slotted arm a, with the adjustable wedge-shaped parts 2, and bolts z, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. The combination of shaft M and eccentric w on the end thereof, with forked clamp Q2 and holding-plate p, operated by means of rod, 0, bearing a cam, and pendent arm '1, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination of the forked clamp g holding-platep, and rod 0 passing between the forks of said clamp, with eccentric t, arm t and segmental arm 8 provided with holes 8 and set-boltt, substantially asand for the purposes described.

6. The combination of the forked clamp (1 holding-plate 1;,and rod 0, with arm i weight n thereon, and adjustable stand Z and cap 1;, to sustain said weight, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination of the clamp (1 having branches aand a, holding-platep between said branches, and springs, secured to branch a and to plate 1), with shaft 0, segmental arm 8 and weighted arm t substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. The combination, with sliding rods N N and supporting-rods 0 0, of hubs m m, arms a, and adjusting set-screws m substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. The combination, with plate 1) and clamp (1 of adjustable chair leg and arm supports 14, 15, and 16, and adjustable gage, 17, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. The combination, with shaft T, sliding frame 22, and connecting-rod 23, of adjustable eccentric 20, composed of the parts 30,33, and 34, and holding-bolts 32, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

FRANK F. PARKER.

Witnesses:

EDWIN E. MooRE, ALBERT A. BARKER. 

